مقدمه فى الزراعه المحاضرة الثانية

Agriculture As Science

1-cytology
دراسه الخليه
2-morphology
دراسه الخليه
3-plant anatomy
التشريح
4-plant physiology
وظائف الاعضاء
5-biochemistry
الكيمياء الحيويه
6-plant biophysics
الفيزياء الحيويه
7-plant ecology


Horticulture:
Pomology:(fruit production)
(oranges,lemon,mangoes,dates,guava,bananas….)

Vegetables:tomatoes,potatoes,okra,jews,mallow,purslane,cucumber,melons,pumpkin…

Omamentals

Forestry:
Is the art and science of managing forests tree plantations, and related natural resources.
The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that allow forests to continue a sustainable continuation of environmental supplies and services.

Forestry also includes the development of better methods for the planting, protecting, thinning, controlled burning, extracting, and processing of timber in includes:

Production of timber and other construction materials,

Production of fuel

Production of gum Arabic

Conservation of soil

Changing or influencing climate

Land scaping

Reforestation:is where trees are planted and tended in a given area.

Afforestation is planting seeds or trees to make a forest on land which has not been a forest recently.

Deforestation:is the clearance of naturally occurring forests by logging and burning.

Meat technology: meat production and processing.
Fish rearing:
Wild life:



Animal Production

Dairy farming: production of milk & its products.
Poultry: production of chickens, pigeons and their products.


The Origin Of Crop Plant
The center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, frist developed its distinctive properties.
Many authorities belive centres of origin are also centres of diversity

Two kinds of evidence help determining the origins of agriculture and crop plant:
1-Archaeological evidence of the remains of primitive agricultural communities (provides information about time and place of early agiculture)
2-Genetics: distribution of genetic diversity of crops and their wild relatives.